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  • © Daimler AG

    The 'grandfather clock' engine

    1885

    'Wilhelm Maybach invents the so called grandfather clock engine - a disruptive development

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  • The Riding Waggon

    © Daimler AG

    1885

    A first attempt at motorization that brought the world the first motorcycle

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  • Poster of the 1889 Paris World Exhibitions

    1889

    Wilhelm Maybach is being called King of Designers in a report on the World Exhibition in Paris

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  • Artist rendition of the Hotel Hermann in Canstatt

    © Daimler AG

    1891

    Wilhelm Maybach is being called King of Designers in a report on the World Exhibition in Paris

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  • Mercedes-Simplex 28/32 HP chassis. Photograph from 1904

    © Daimler AG

    1901

    The modern automobile is born out of a need for speed

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  • Picture postcard of the Grotz machine factory, Bissingen, around 1900

    © Archiv der Stadt Bietigheim-Bissingen

    1909

    Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH is founded in Bissingen

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1885
1889
1891
1901
1909

The gardenhouse of the Daimler mansion

© DAIMLER AG

Long before Wilhelm Maybach made an impact in the world of engineering, an idea had been captivating the great minds of the time: to create a vehicle that does not need horses or other external forces but propels itself, an 'automobile'. However, the engines never were effective enough to turn this idea into reality. A first breakthrough was the Christian Reithmann patent from 1860 which set a new standard with its four-stroke operating principle. Though groundbreaking, these engines were too heavy and lacked power to be mobile. The actual breakthrough then came in 1883 when the first fast running combustion engine was developed by Wilhelm Maybach with the support of Gottlieb Daimler who was managing the business side of things. Two years later, after another evolution - the single cylinder had shifted from the horizontal to the vertical - Wilhelm Maybach's new, groundbreaking invention was finally perfected. His design became known as the grandfather clock, its compact construction combined with power and low weight made it a milestone in mobility as it was easily installed in a variety of vehicles.

Wölfert's airship 'Deutschland' from 1896

© DAIMLER AG

Presentation of the motor-driven trolley in 1887. Daimler in the front right, Maybach in the back left

© DAIMLER AG

The first motorboat on the Neckar near Cannstatt, 1886. In front of the helmsman: Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach

© DAIMLER AG

The Riding Waggon

© DAIMLER AG

Having developed the Grandfather clock engine, another question came up: what kind of vehicle should first be equipped with this new invention? The choice fell on a two wheeled wooden construction into which a smaller version of the grandfather clock was installed. It became known as the ‘Reitwagen’ (Riding Wagon) which can be seen as the world's first motorcycle. The grandfather clock as a fast-running engine with a weight to power ratio which was unparalleled at that time was used in many applications in the years to follow. This engine provided the base for another evolution of the combustion engine which Wilhelm Maybach conceived - the combination of two cylinders.

Contemporary interior view of the Daimler mansion's garden house and makeshift workshop

© DAIMLER AG

The original trademark design of the Daimler-Motor-Company of 1897

© DAIMLER AG

Poster of the 1889 Paris World Exhibitions

In a newspaper article on the World Exhibition in Paris 1889, Wilhelm Maybach (43) is called the “King of designers”. At this event, his groundbreaking inventions are presented: the first two-cylinder engine and the first four-wheeled passenger car with its four-speed manual gearbox were exhibited (‘Daimler Stahlradwagen’). The presented products would become the base for the French production of automobiles.

Artist rendition of the Hotel Hermann in Canstatt

© DAIMLER AG

Wilhelm (45) decides to leave the DMG (Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft = Daimler Engine Corporation). He continues supporting Gottlieb (57) in his automotive research and development in his apartment at ‘Königstraße’ in Cannstatt and in the garden hall of the former Hotel Hermann. (12 employees were hired).

Mercedes-Simplex 28/32 HP chassis. Photograph from 1904

© DAIMLER AG

The so-called 'belle epoque' from the 1870s to the 1910s saw years of prosperity which were a nourishing ground for new fashions, among which a craze for speed that started out with bicycles and quickly escalated to cars. Emil Jellinek, a well-connected businessman was among one of the enthusiasts of this entirely new sub-culture. He commissioned a new kind of vehicle at the Daimler Engine Company which was specifically designed for races. It was supposed to be named after Mercedes, Jellinek's daughter whose name he had already used in races before. Wilhelm Maybach took care of this difficult job. The result was the first Mercedes automobile: a combination of a new kind of chassis with a lower point of gravity and a powerful, reliable 35 hp engine. Maybach also provided another constructive feature: the 'honeycomb cooler'. This vehicle was an essential step towards the modern automobile and left its origins in carriage manufacturing behind. The unique car lived on in different iterations in a very successful series, the 'Mercedes Simplex'. It was the beginning of a new era, the Mercedes era, as Paul Meyan, president of the French Automobile club coined it in 1901.

Baron Henry de Rothschild's 35-horsepower Mercedes Simplex racing car at the Nice-La Turbie hill climb, 'Week of Nice' March 29, 1901

© DAIMLER AG

The honeycomb radiator, launched on September 20, 1900

© DAIMLER AG

Mercedes 35 hp with four-seater bodywork

© DAIMLER AG

Picture postcard of the Grotz machine factory, Bissingen, around 1900

© Archiv der Stadt Bietigheim-Bissingen

1909 saw the establishment of a new company, the so called Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH. It had been the result of Wilhelm Maybach being banned from working in engine construction as he had left DMG prior. Under the supervision and guidance of his father, Karl Maybach had been developing a new racing car engine. The latter seemed also a good fit for aerial applications. Wilhelm Maybach used his contacts to Count Zeppelin who had been facing backlashes due to unreliable engines. The cooperation of Zeppelin and Maybach began - far from Lake Constance, in Bissingen, where a local machine factory was to become the supplier of parts for the new developments.

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